Lubricant



- Patented June 25,, l94fi STATES mam Fulius A. Wunsch and Charles A.Mar-lies, New York, N. T assignors to The lLubri-Zol mevelopmentCorporation-a corporation of Dela- Our present invention relates tolubricating compositions, and more particularly to lubricants havingincorporated therein special types of modifying agents. It may begenerally stated that while it has heretofore been realized that no one.minerallubricating oil is equally well adapted for all purposes, theideal lubricant must satisfy several important conditions. For example,it is well known that, in the production of lubricants, relatively smallchanges in the viscosity of the lubricant with change in temperature isa highly de-' sirable property. The viscosity change of 1101- uidlubricants occurring between two given temperatures, as between 100 and210 F., is considered ameasure of quality, and may be expressed in termsof viscosity index. This index is defined by Dean and Davis in theirarticle in Chemical and Metallurgical Engineering, volume 36, page 618.v

Now, we have discovered by the addition of a relatively small amount ofhalogenated fatty acids, or in the form of certainof their derivatives,to ordinary mineral oil, lubricants of superior quality may be obtained.once, it may be stated that it is one of the-main objects of our presentinvention to provide a highly improved type of lubricant having thedesirable qualities of an improved viscosity index and adaptability to avariety of applications involving relatively high temperature andpressure, or both, by utilizing, in combination with a mineral oil,suitable modifying agents. I

Another important object of this invention is to provide an oil orgrease lubricant, including mineral oil, which additionally hasincorporated therein an agent, such as a chlorinated fattyacid, achlorinated derivative of a fatty acid, a chlorinated glyceride of afattyacid, or a chlorinated soap, whereby the lubricant is readilyadapted for use in the lubrication of gears, freewheeling devices, wiredrawing, metal cutting and the like.

Another object of this invention is to provide a lubricating oil orgrease which embodies a sufficient amount of a. compound including achlorinated fatty acid radical to materially improve the viscosity indexof the oil or substantially affecting the pour point, flash point,

c'orrosiveness and the important properties of the oil or grease. E

The novel features which we ,helieve to be characterlstlc of ourinvention are set forth in particularity in the appended'claims, theinvention: it self, however, will best be understood by grease withoutther detail. It will be appreciated that the examples given are forillustrative purposes, and not by way of limitation. Suitable modifyingf agents, which are to be embodied in the mineral oil to form theimproved lubricant, comprise a predetermined amount of a chlorinatedacid, or a mixture of chlorinated acids, of the fatty acid group. Suchacids are well known and include oleic, 'ricinoleic, palmitic, stearic,and the like.

The manner of chlorinating the desired fatty acid is of secondaryimportance. Any well known method of the prior art may beutilized'lnthis connection.- The chlorine content of the modifying agent is one ofthe factors which govern the stiffness of the final product. 20

A group of modifying agents which -we have found to be especially usefulcomprises the glycerides of the chlorinated fatty acids. That is, any ofthe aforementioned fatty acids maybe reacted with g'lycerine, and theresulting glyceride treated with'chlorine to give the chlorinatedglyceride. In place of using one, or more, of the fatty acids, andconverting the same to the corresponding glyceride, the naturallyoccurring glycerlde may be chlorinated. Similarly, any other fats,orolls, of. animal or vegetable origin containing glycerides of fattyacids may be chlorinated, and used as a modifying agent.

Still another group of modifying agents has been found useful forimproving mineral oil lubricants. This group includes the soaps of thechlorinated fatty acids. The lead, calcium, aluminum, sodium, potassiumsoaps of the chlo-, rinated fatty acids may be used as modifying agents.This group of modifying agents is especially useful for incorporation ina mineral-oil to form-lubricating greases. The aforementioned groups aremore particularly useful-in connection with lubricating oils. I

The chlorinated fatty acid soap, in the case of the sodium soap forexample, may be produced by chlorinating a desired fatty acid (asstearic, palmitic or oleic), and then treating the chlorinated acid withsodium hydroxide. Of course, the chlorinated soap may be also producedby reacting the chlorinated glycerides with sodium hydroxide, forexample, to produce glycerine and the chlorinated soap. Regardless ofthe procedure followed in securingthe chlorinated soap, it is to benoted that the soap may be of the-,alkali metal, alkaline earth, orheavy.

' culated on the weight of the chlorinated product. The content of themodifying agent in the final mixture is given in percent by volume offinished lubricant.

Table 1 Original 5'7 chlorinmineral o ated 5% gigg lubrgiislitingC0tt(:)1:lll-S00d Castor on Specific gravity at 60/60 F... 0. 884 0. 8960. 89(1 Viscosity Saybolt seconds' At 100 F 538 592 528 At 210 F... 6669" Viscosity index. 96 a 115 110 Flash point, F 430' 440 430 Pourpoint, F. 10 10 l0 Corrosion at 210 F Negative Negative Negative Table 2Original mineral 3%;28 lubricating oleic acid oil Specific grayit at60/60" F 0.887 0. 889 Viscosity, Say It seconds- At F 662 696 At 210 F73 77 Viscosity index 100 104 Corrosion at 210 F Negative Negative Theabove products a're of course in the class of liquid lubricants orlubricating oils. Solid lubricants, or greases, may be obtained bymixing ahydrocarbon or mineral oil with the lead, calcium, aluminum,sodium, or other salt of the chlorinated acids above mentioned. Thestiffness of the product may be varied by the choice of the salt, theamount used, its chlorine content, and the viscosity of the oilemployed. For example, 15% of the calcium, or sodium, salt ofchlorinated oleic acid (33% C12), when incorporated in the usual mannerwith a medium heavy oil, produced a grease of excellent consis'tency andstability.

In making the soaps, fats proper or fatty acids may be used. Further,various fillers, such asgraphite, French chalk, mica, talc, wood pulpand the like, may be embpdied in the grease contai'ning the chlorinatedsoap. Although the chlorinated soaps are primarily used in greases, theycan also be used in cutting oils wherein the mineral oil is held insuspension by the soap. A stable emulsion with water is formed which hasgood lubricating properties. The important function in such a case isthe cooling of a cutting edge.

It is to be clearly understood that the expression modifying agent isintended to include the employment of one, or more, substances which maybe complementary substances having the characteristics mentioned. Again,the phrase compound including a chlorinated fatty acid radical usedhereinafter in the claims is to be understood as referring to achlorinated fatty vacid, its chlorinated glyceride, ora soap of achlorinated fatty acid, .all of these compounds containing in common afatty acid radical. The phrase chlorinated fatty oilsf is to beunderstood as referring to the product of reaction of chlorine and theunsaturated fatty acids and/or their glycerides.

While we have indicated and described several ingredients for carryingour invention into efiect, it will be apparent to one skilled in the artthat our invention isby no means limited to the said ingredientsdescribed heretofore, but that many variations may be made withoutdeparting from the scope of our invention as set forth in the appendedclaims.

What we claim is:

1. A lubricant comprising a major proportion of unchlorinated mineraloil and a minor amount of a compound including a chlorinated fatty acidradical.

2. A lubricant comprising a mineral oil having incorporated therein achlorinated fatty acid derivative.

3. A process for making a lubricant consisting in reacting a compoundvincluding a fattyacid radical with chlorine, and incorporating theresultant reaction product in mineral oil.

4. A lubricating oil comprising in combination a mineral oil and a smallpercentage of ch10- rinated non-mineral oil.

5 A lubricrating oil comprising in combination a mineral oil and a smallpercentage of chlorinated animal oil.

6. A lubricating oil comprising. in combination a mineral oil and a.small percentage of chlorinated vegetable oil; M 4

7. A lubricating oil comprisingin combination a mineral oil and a smallpercentage of chlorinated cottonseed oil.

8. A lubricating oil comprising in combination a mineral oil and a smallpercentage of chlorinated castor oil.

9. A lubricating oil comprising in combination a hydrocarbon oil andmodifying agent consisting of a small percentage of chlorinatedglyceride' of a fatty acid of high molecular weight.

10. A lubricant comprising-incombination a major proportion ofunhalogenated mineral oil and a small percentage of a halogenatedcompound including a fatty acid radical.

11. A lubricant comprising in combination a mineral oil and a smallpercentage ofa halogenated glyceride.

12. A composition of matter comprisinga major proportion ofunchlorinated mineral oil and a JULIUS A. WUNSCH.- CHARLES A. MARLIES.

